Convection currents move tectonic plates in two locations as described below: Location A: Tectonic plates move away from each other Location B: One tectonic plate is forced beneath another What statement most likely describes the effects of this movement at each location? Now, the reason why we think the plates are moving is because we think that there are similar types of convection currents in the asthenosphere, in the … Where convection currents diverge near the Earth's crust, plates move apart. Convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock. Converging currents drive plates into each other. Theory that the Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates which move around due to convection currents in the mantle. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called plate tectonics. The plates grow when the convection currents cause the spreads, but the spread forces the edges of the plates down into the subduction zones where it is melted once more and turned back into magma. the hydrosphere - ocean currents. And these days, we directly track that motion with millimeter precision from space. How does mantle convection drive plate tectonics? Which statement explains how convection currents affect the movement of plates? Convection currents within the Earth's mantle are movements of the magma that are less dense, therefore they rise. Convection currents can affect even the smallest amount of weather, like wind. The crust moves because of movements deep inside the earth. Plate tectonics cause earthquakes and volcanoes. when tectonic plates shift, the creation of the volcanic eruptions increases the degree of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Convection occurs if there is a decrease in density with depth. Learn about the layers of the Earth's crust and plate boundaries. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist born in 1880, developed the idea of continental drift. plate tectonics causes a change in the ocean currents and in turn generates more heat. The rigid plates of the Earth’s surface are in constant motion relative to each other. Magma in the Earth's mantle moves in convection currents. All of the material and matter in the Earth’s mantle is subject to tremendous pressure. The heat makes the solid rocks move upwards while the colder rocks move downwards. In the spot where the current is rising, the plates will move apart (divergent plate boundary). Learn more about the Continental Drift. Fellow scientists at the time thought the theory was ludicrous. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Tectonic plates move in different directions. The lighter material is more buoyant, and because of the differences in b… And so we call this process, this is convection. The convection currents in tectonic plates occur in the geosphere. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. Read about our approach to external linking. Convection is defined as the vertical transfer of heat through the mass movement of a gas, liquid, or plastic solid. Where convection currents diverge near the Earth's crust, plates move apart. Convection currents help the movement of the mantle because the magma rises up and helps for the tectonic plates to move. These currents have tectonic plates above them. The radioactive decay in the core is responsible for the convection currents. Convection currents in the air and sea lead to weather. Based on mantle convection, each plate tectonic moves in a specific way. The tectonic plates are moved by the convection currents on the asthenoshpere. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus. The point where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth’s crust and its topmost mantle. A Sea Breeze happens when the Slab pull is the most relevant force that affects the movement of tectonic plates. In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust's surface, tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor spreading By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. climate is adversely affected … The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called plate tectonics. The heated magma then cools and moves back down towards the core where the cores radiation will reheat and the process will start all over again. Convection currents move tectonic plates when there is heat inside the mantle that is rising and falling. Heat from Earth’s interior causes lithospheric plates to collide at convergent plate boundaries, causing volcanoes. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. ConvectionCurrents affect the way tectonic plates move. Convection The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of less dense material to rise and denser material to sink Gravity pulls one edge of a plate down into the mantle, which causes the rest of the plate to move as well. The heat transfer function of convection currents drives the earth’s ocean currents, atmospheric weather and geology. Subduction is the repeated heating and rising of the magma that sets up continuous convection currents in the mantle, which causes the tectonic plates to move. It's allowing the heat to be transferred from this one spot throughout the fluid. Hope I helped! Heat Flow, Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics A Brief History of the Plate Tectonic Theory Early in this century, geologic thought was was dominated by beliefs that the ocean basins were extremely old and that the geographic relationships between continents and ocean basins were permanent. In places where convection currents rise up towards the crust’s surface, tectonic plates move away from each other in a process known as seafloor spreading (Fig. As mantle convection rises, it breaks apart the Earth to form mid-oceanic ridges (tensional force). This, however, is not a necessary condition for convection to occur. The convection currents move the plates. When the elements that make up the mantle are subjected to pressure they create heat, which drives convection.Convection is how dense material in the Earth’s core sinks while lighter material rises. However, over a period of time, the movement of plates led to the disintegration of the Pangaea and the formation of the current continental shapes. Convection currents drive the movement of Earth’s rigid tectonic plates in the planet’s fluid molten mantle. He suggested that continents moved around the earth like giant rafts. The common, simplified explanation for why tectonic plates are moving is that they're carried along on currents in the upper mantle, the slowly flowing layer of rock just below the Earth's crust. Convection is the transfer of heat due to the bulk movement of molecules within fluids (gases and liquids), including molten rock ().Convection includes sub-mechanisms of advection (directional bulk-flow transfer of heat), and diffusion (non-directional transfer of energy or … The pressure occurs because of the gravitational pull of the Earth. Convection currents direct the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates in the planet's fluid molten mantle. The convection currents move tectonic plates, as the rise and sink. This is mostly true. _____ currents are responsible for powering the movement of tectonic plates. Atmospheric and oceanic circulation are the large-scale movement of air and water (the hydrosphere), respectively. The two processes work in conjunction with each other. Plutonium B. Platonic C. Tectonic D. Convection the atmosphere - wind. generated by radioactive decay in the core. The boundary where two plates meet and converge is the area where cooler masses of magma sink downward, dragging some crust with it. The common, simplified explanation for why tectonic plates are moving is that they're carried along on currents in the upper mantle, the slowly flowing layer of rock just below the Earth's crust. Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection currents generated by radioactive decay in the core. Which statement explains how convection currents affect the movement of plates? near the Earth's crust, plates move apart. Convection refers to specific cells within the Earth’s mantle that create heat. When a land mass is adjacent to a body of water during the day it causes a sea breeze. The cycle of rising and sinking causes the plates to move, as the moving masses of magma drags the crustal plates with it. Convection currents, that occur within the molten rock in the mantle, act like a conveyor belt for the plates. Tectonic Plates Move at Snail’s Pace. The idea that our planet's continents drift around the globe, periodically glomming together and breaking apart, is at least 200 years old, but most geologists didn't believe it until the 1960s when mounting evidence made it clear that the Earth's crust is broken up into fragments, and that those fragments, called tectonic plates, are moving. Convection currents in magma drive the movement of tectonic plates Convection currents play a role in the movement of Earth’s inner core Convection currents in magma are caused by … The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called, The point where two plates meet is called a, Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur either on or near, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). gravity pulls one edge of a plate down into the mantle, which causes the rest of the plate to move as well. The direction of movement and type of plate margin is determined by which way the convection currents are flowing. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called plate tectonics . Crustal movements can sometimes cause earthquakes. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. Which statement explains how convection currents affect the movement of plates? Explanation only includes the process of the convection current, or only includes how it affects plate movements. A. For example, there are divergent, convergent and transform plates. The Earth's crust is broken up into pieces called plates. Heat from Earth's interior causes currents of hot rising magma and cooler sinking magma to … The convection currents move the plates. Tectonic plates ‘float’ on the magma beneath them in the mantle. Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater mechanical strength than the underlying asthenosphere. An example of this occurs when a land mass is adjacent to a body of water. Focus Question: What is the source of energy for convection currents in the geosphere? This occurs because the crust is broken up into multiple tectonic plates. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur either on or near plate boundaries. Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection currents generated by radioactive decay in the core. The Earth's plates move in different directions depending on the type of boundary. heat from earth’s interior causes lithospheric plates to collide at convergent plate boundaries, causing volcanoes. It happens when semi melted rock in the mantle heats up and rises up to the crust and spreads apart moving the plates above it. Convection currents occur within: the geosphere – plate tectonics. 7.21). Good Explanation includes the process of how a convection current is started (include, density, temperature and the mantel material rises or sinks), and how it affects the plates movements. Diverging currents pull them apart. Plate tectonics cause earthquakes and volcanoes . Plate tectonics theory, convection currents and sea-floor spreading. Convection Currents affect the weather all over the Earth. ... which influences the tectonic plates the Earth's crust is broken into. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection; that is, the slow creeping motion of Earth's solid mantle. In the spot where the current is sinking, the plates will move together (convergent plate boundary) .
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