metaphor in steve jobs commencement speech

In June 2005, Steve Jobs delivered an inspirational commencement speech to graduates at Stanford University. Big Ideas and Guiding Questions are informed by the. They analyze how structure and word choice add to the meaning of Jobs' ideas. In addition, Jobs was a pioneer of the personal computer Within Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address… Jobs especially use his background and childhood to play upon his rhetorical approach. 2021 © gradesfixer.com. 1 Jobs had re-joined Apple in February 1997 as interim CEO (1997–2000) and then CEO (2000 to 2011), after having been ousted in 1985. Steve Jobs gives his commencement address at Stanford university in 2005. What is a commencement speech? Despite Jobs didn’t understand how he got fired from a company he started, he later describes that it allowed him to enter the most creative time in his life in which he persist his faith and do what you believe is right. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. Print. A commencement speech is a speech given to graduating students. Through the story, Steve Jobs expertly uses pathos which creates a sense of sympathy and touching mood. Steve Jobs - ‘Father of the Digital World’ Essay, Review Of The Biographical Film Steve Jobs Essay, Benjamin Franklin & Steve Jobs Two Phenomenal Examples Of Leaders & Inventors Essay, Steve Jobs' biography: influence on the modern world Essay, Steve Jobs - My Hero’s Mastery Journey Essay, Story of Two Steves: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak Steve Jobs Essay. If there is a common theme across the class, students may want to participate as a group. In fact, the idea has been characterized when he says “My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption”. Please download the Trade Book List for procurement guidance. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: Sorry, copying is not allowed on our website. Public Consulting Group, Inc., with a perpetual license granted to EL Education, Inc. Tell us what's going well, share your concerns and feedback. Getty Steve Jobs has a famous quote that lays out a perfect metaphor for the future of laptops and desktops. The . I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Having trouble finding the perfect essay? In fact, Jobs is also trying to persuade his audience to follow their passion even though things do not go well as planned. In most arguments today, … Ethos deals with the speaker's credibility, Pathos appeals to emotion and Logos appeals to logic. Any type of essay. We can see that Jobs is already talking about his devastating childhood. this essay is not unique. The Steve Jobs commencement speech was a speech that was given by the former Apple Inc. CEO to Stanford University during the 114th commencement on 12th June 2005. Literary Devices Metaphor: 'It was awful tasting the medicine, but i guess the patient needed it." In the beginning of the speech, Steve Jobs begins with the sentence “I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world” (Jobs). For users of our Grades 6-8 ELA Curriculum content: Unless otherwise indicated, all work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA). Steve Jobs explains how his biological mother wants him to be adopted by college graduate parents. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them”. I perceive his story as one for those who have had rough lives with no upcoming signs of … Steve Jobs. Posted: (2 days ago) In his speech, Steve Jobs achieves the main goals of the speech with focusing on the ethos, logos, and pathos, and with using the author’s unique style. Find the transcript below! Jobs especially use his background and childhood to play upon his rhetorical approach. Through a series of reading cycles, students identify Steve Jobs' "rules to live by" that he articulates in his commencement address at Stanford University. At that point, everyone is thinking about the failures and disappointments throughout their lives, hoping not to mess up in the future. It aims at describing how ideational grammatical metaphor are employed in Steve Jobs 2005 Commencement Address at Stanford University and also identifying the type of ideational grammatical metaphor used in it. Consider taking students to a local event in which they can see a speech being delivered. Limitation of the research is used to avoid uncontrolled of a research. The person giving the speech is known as the commencement speaker. Read the full transcript of the June 12, 2005 commencement speech here. He expresses, “About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer”. Each of them consists of simple and concise statements. He keeps repeating the sentence “If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. The Steve Jobs commencement speech was a speech that was given by the former Apple Inc. CEO to Stanford University during the 114th commencement on 12th June 2005. Jobs re-focused Apple's product line and R&D projects, leading to the introduction of various new models of … Using three different stories, he turns back the clock, indicating how tough life can be and how to transform setbacks into motivation. I never graduated from college. Steve Jobs’ 2005 Stanford Commencement Address in German translation: “Bleibt hungrig, bleibt tollkühn” – Steve Jobs über das Leben . The second story that Steve Jobs calls “Lost and Love” explains how he got to do what he loved to do in his passion at such a young age. Our analysis shows the rhetorical sophistication of this speech in terms of mutually reinforcing use of established dynamics, canons, and devices of rhetoric. That is a quote that has been taken from Steve Jobs’ speech he gave to Stanford’s graduating class of 2005. Want us to write one just for you? Summary Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech. Jobs explains, “l didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5C deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. You can order Unique paper and our professionals Rewrite it for you. They will read excerpts of the novel closely to interpret figurative language and explain how Bud's use of figurative language and his word choice affect tone and meaning. Although what Jobs states is motivating and captures life experiences, I believe this speech is not appropriate for the specific audience. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floow in friends' rooms, I returned Coke bottles for the 5 cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. In Steve Jobs… In the mid-unit assessment, students will read a new excerpt from the novel: They will determine the meaning of a simile used by the author, examples of word choices the author makes, and analyze a new a "rule" of Bud's. That is the goal of any commencement speech after all. Get help with writing. Created by EL Education, on behalf of Public Consulting Group, Inc. © On June 12, 2005, Steve Jobs gave out the speech “How to live before you die” in order to inspire and also encourage students to chase their dream without anyone stepping by. It started before I was born. Stay Foolish." This essay has been submitted by a student. We can custom edit this essay into an original, 100% plagiarism free essay. Students will then apply these same skills of analyzing text structure and word choice to the end of unit assessment, in which they read Barack Obama's Back-to-School Speech. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy. The highest employment of ideational grammatical metaphor is the ideational grammatical metaphor type 13 with 33% appearance which indicates that this commencement address … In June 2005, Steve Jobs delivered an inspirational commencement speech to graduates at Stanford University. Steve Jobs, one of the cofounders of Apple, delivered a speech to the graduates of Stanford University at their commencement ceremony. Following is the full transcript of How to Live Before You Die speech by Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs, CEO and co-founder of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, gave a commencement address at Stanford University for the class of 2005. Students will get to know Bud by looking at the challenges he faces and his response to those challenges. Steve Jobs wasn’t always the confident showman he seemed to be on stage during his famous keynotes. Don’t settle.”. In addition, Steve Jobs concludes his speech with metaphors and repetitions in order to build up the atmosphere of his rhetorical speech. Specifically through his ethos, pathos, and structure of his speech, Jobs’ rhetorically backs his arguments. Steve Jobs Commencement Speech Analysis. Read this excerpt from Langston Hughes’s poem "Freedom’s Plow" The plow plowed a new furrow Across the field of history. Steve Jobs. Through a series of reading cycles, students identify Steve Jobs' "rules to live by" that he articulates in his commencement address at Stanford University. Write 4-6 sentences. These intentional connections are described below. View Steve Jobs Speech -lesson plan.pptx from ENGLISH 1301 at Texas A&M University, Kingsville. His rhetorical approach is not the only thing that makes this speech one of the most successful. Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech at Stanford University in 2005 is considered an effective speech because of his use of rhetorical devices such as pathos, epistrophe, antithesis, Kairos, and warrant. The message that was presented to the listeners of these two famous speeches was presented in a rhetorical manner in which it associated with the people and has lasted through time. He had no idea of what he wanted to do with his life and it did not make any sense to spend his parents’ money in such an expensive college. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA). The context of Jobs' speech. Unfortunately, he passed away of Pancreatic cancer. In the second half of the unit, students continue their exploration of the idea of "rules to live by" through close reading of real-world examples: speeches. Which rhetorical device would this be? Therefore, this makes him and the audience feel connected for the rest of the speech. Category: Business; Subcategory: Entrepreneurship; Topic: Steve Jobs; Page: 1; Words: 474; Published: 10 December 2020; Downloads: 16; Download. Steve Jobs Commencement Speech Worksheet. This thesis entitled Ideational Grammatical Metaphor in Steve Jobs 2005 Commencement Address at Stanford University has two objectives. Steve Jobs Graduation Speech by Steve Jobs 131 ratings, 4.57 average rating, 6 reviews Steve Jobs Graduation Speech Quotes Showing 1-6 of 6 “I'd been rejected, but I … Throughout the speech, he successfully uses logos, ethos and pathos to uplift students to follow their heart and keep fighting for what they like to do. “A huge, heart transplant to Intel microprocessors.” ([00:01:03]) “What we wanna do is make a leapfrog product that is way smarter than any mobile device has ever been, and super-easy to use.” ([00:30:53]) Steve Jobs’ commencement speech at Stanford University in 2005 is a well-known speech even after a decade that he addressed the students how to live a life fully.He revealed three personal stories in his commencement speech. Metaphor ABSTRACT We sought to understand from a rhetorical perspective the sources of the runaway popularity of Steve Jobs' Stanford commencement speech. This fourteen minute speech has now gained more than eighteen million views on YouTube and has become one of Steve Jobs… Jobs commencement address summary | English Blog. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/analysis-of-rhetorical-techniques-in-steve-jobs-stanford-commencement-speech/, Recieve 100% plagiarism-Free paper just for 4.99$ on email, *Public papers are open and may contain not unique content. The then Apple’s CEO Steve Jobs gave this inspiring speech “How to Live Before You Die” at Stanford University 2005 commencement address. "Steve Jobs 1955-2011"by segagman is licensed under CC BY 2.0. This thesis entitled Ideational Grammatical Metaphor in Steve Jobs 2005 Commencement Address at Stanford University has two objectives. Many phases are words repeated. During Job’s fifteen or so minute speech, he told three separate … Unlike any other speakers, Steve Jobs masterly apply many rhetorical devices including visual simplicity, attorney and tons of rhetoric techniques. Jobs’ gave his commencement address at Stanford … He relentlessly convinced his mother that he would indeed attend college and graduate. Text of Steve Jobs' Commencement address (2005) http://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html 3 of 6 23/6/2015 1:54 PM We’ve got you covered. In his commencement address at Stanford University in 2005, Steve Jobs emphasized the importance of trusting your gut and following your curiosity. It is typically given by a notable figure in the community when students receive their degrees. 301 certified writers online. Steve Jobs Speech at Stanford [Commencement Address] For more inspiration, we have a list of the best Steve Jobs quotes. Discuss the impact (or lack of impact) of oratory in place of written text. GradesFixer. You can get 100% plagiarism FREE essay in 30sec, Sorry, we cannot unicalize this essay. "Stay Hungry. What does that mean exactly? So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want hi… Steve Jobs (1955-2011), the founder of NeXT and Pixar Animations, was the co-founder and CEO of the global company, Apple Inc. Apart from the Vanguard Award in 2002, the pioneer of the individual computer revolution also won the Mobile Personality of the Year Award in 2010. A study of notable individuals, both current and historical, for whom students develop a list of "rules to live by" ("Nelson Mandela's Rules to Live By ..." for example). Rhetorical analysis: the Stanford commencement speech 3.1. Jobs presents his developed vision of the career and passions in life with references to the ideas of love and death and supports considerations … Get an expert to write you the one you need! Speaking of the goals which Steve Jobs pursued when having a public speech … The third story that Steve Jobs calls “Death” explains his diagnosis of cancer. Finally, students use a focusing question and important details to form an evidence-based claim about the speech. We find however that these It is to reveal the metaphor at the commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios in the Stanford graduation ceremony on June 12th, 2005. Steve Jobs. Jobs shared three stories with the graduates. In Steve Jobs Commencement address he states "Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick". The highest employment of ideational grammatical metaphor is the ideational grammatical metaphor type 13 with 33% appearance which indicates that this commencement address by Jobs mostly performs the expanding of noun and the shift of circumstance into the expansion of thing in order to avoid the ambiguity by simplified the words used in the commencement address. Yet Steve Jobs not only support his audience with strong words, he actually brings together the entire unity and shows to them that always look up and have faith not matter how harsh the live can be. 2020 Dec 10 [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Attention! Jobs explains, “l didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5C deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. Be sure […] For example, if a student's rule relates to the environment, he or she can volunteer for a local litter pickup. From these two sentences, we can see that Steve Jobs is trying to use pathos as a way to show his modesty. The uses of allusions to pop culture as well as current events is particularly apparent in Ellen’s address as well. At Stanford's 2005 graduation Steve Jobs spoke to some of the brightest young men and women in the country. Are you interested in getting a customized paper? Afterwards, he cogently uses ethos in part of his speech when the doctor told him that he won’t live much longer, yet Jobs was still trying to overcome the difficulties and feel positive. Der volle Text der Ansprache in einer leicht gekürzten Übersetzung (German translation): Ich fühle mich geehrt, heute mit Ihnen bei der Abschlussfeier in einer der besten Universitäten der Welt zu sein. 1 Jobs had re-joined Apple in February 1997 as interim CEO (1997–2000) and then CEO (2000 to 2011), after having been ousted in 1985. Steve Jobs Commencement Speech Bengi Rubio Language Steve Jobs' word choice was limited and wasn't very intelligent but it was easily understood. Consider bringing in guests from a variety of walks of life to share their own life "rules" based on the experiences they have had. Learn English with Steve Jobs (Apple founder and iPhone creator) in his most famous speech at Stanford in 2005 - Watch with big English subtitles. During Job’s fifteen or so minute speech, he told three separate stories. Any subject. Be sure […] Steve Jobs, CEO and co-founder of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, gave a commencement address at Stanford University for the class of 2005. Steve Jobs Speech: Stay Hungry. Steve Jobs Speech at Stanford – Commencement Address Here is the wildly popular Steve Jobs speech from 2005 at Stanford that has received over 21 million views on YouTube! (It will be important to discuss the nature of the rules and experiences with each expert before he or she shares them with students.) This module is designed to address English Language Arts standards as students read literature and informational text about rules to live by and also touches on the era of the Great Depression. His rhetoric used must have created some link between his message and the intended audience. It motivated him to live every day to the fullest. Jobs successfully uses imagery and metaphors while he exclaims, “I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down – that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. If you’d like this or any other sample, we’ll happily email it to you. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley”. Rhetorical Essay. We will occasionally send you account related emails. In 2005, Steve Jobs gave a commencement address at Stanford University’s graduation. Order printed materials, teacher guides and more. (l) Initially it seemed somewhat odd for him to be mentioning a stage in … A commencement speech is a speech given to graduating students. Moreover, he compares the 2005 graduating class to the life cycle and tells them that they will have a limited life and also follow their heart. … Although Steve Jobs was a college dropout, his speech was more inspirational than anything. What is the purpose of Steve Jobs’s Commencement Speech? She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. By soniagpatallo Reading … Steve Jobs uses succinct and short sentence structures to talk about his experiences in his life. Read the full transcript of the June 12, 2005 commencement speech here. Then he states, “I never graduated from college. Steve Jobs (Apple founder) in his most famous speech at Stanford in 2005 Unit 1 begins with a launch of the novel Bud, Not Buddy, with a focus on character development and the author's use of language. Ethos- "Having lived through it, I can now say to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:" "following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on." (This also connects to Module 2A, Unit 3 and Module 4.). As a result, Jobs mentioned several stories about his ups and downs and how he manage to surpass others by believing in yourself. In Steve Jobs’s famous commencement speech, he inspires the graduating students of Stanford University in preparation for successful futures. Pssst… We will write a custom Essay on Steve Jobs’ Stanford Speech Rhetorical Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page. Steve Jobs Commencement Speech at Stanford University 2005 –Kendra Carmona The first story that Steve Jobs calls “Connecting the Dots” explains the adoption process he went through when he was younger. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company’s board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the … In addition, Steve Jobs concludes his speech with metaphors and repetitions in order to build up the atmosphere of his rhetorical speech. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation” (Jobs). Sat 8 Oct 2011 19.04 EDT. Steve Jobs not only invented the best phones in the world, but also think differently from other people. The purpose is to let his audience understand and grab the main focus in the story more easily. Pathos- "Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition." Steve Jobs' said the following statement in his speech: It wasn't all romantic. Stay Foolish. The data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method after segmenting it into clauses and classifying the type of ideational metaphor used in the commencement address. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired, and figure out a title or outline for your paper. Steve Jobs Speech: Reading/Listening/Phrasal Verbs. Stanford commencement address - Steve Jobs Sign up for our Email Newsletter FREE weekly newsletter with public speaking tips, techniques, humor, quotes & anecdotes you can use in your very next speech or presentation. New York State Common Core K-8 Social Studies Framework, Figurative Language and Word Choice: A Closer Look at Bud, Not Buddy (Chapter 2), Analyzing Figurative Language and How the Author’s Word Choice Affects Tone and Meaning (Chapter 3), Interpreting Figurative Language and Answering Selected Response Questions (Chapter 4), Mid-Unit 1 Assessment: Figurative Language and Word Choice in Bud, Not Buddy (Chapter 5), Getting the Gist: Steve Jobs Commencement Address (Focus on Paragraphs 6-8, and connecting to Chapter 6), Text-Dependent Questions and Choosing Details to Support a Claim: Digging Deeper into Paragraphs 6–8 of Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address (and connecting to Chapter 7), Getting the Gist and Determining Word Meaning: Paragraphs 12–14 of Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address (and connecting to Chapter 8), Text-Dependent Questions and Making a Claim: Digging Deeper into Paragraphs 12–14 of Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address (and connecting to Chapter 9), Getting the Gist and Determining Word Meaning: Paragraphs 20–23 of Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address (and connecting to Chapter 10), Text-Dependent Questions and Making a Claim: Digging Deeper into Paragraphs 20–23 of Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address (and connecting to Chapter 11), End of Unit 1 Assessment: Analyzing an Excerpt from Barack Obama’s Back-to-School Speech. Learn More. Steve Jobs Speech at Stanford [Commencement Address] For more inspiration, we have a list of the best Steve Jobs quotes. John Naughton. Jobs presents his developed vision of the career and passions in life with references to the ideas of love and death and supports considerations with the autobiographical facts. Posted: (14 days ago) Commencement Summary on Steve Jobs On June 14, 2005, Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple computer and Pixar animation studio, delivered a very strong and powerful commencement speech to the graduating class at Stanford University. Jobs said in 2010 : When we were an … I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floow in friends' rooms, I returned Coke bottles for the 5 cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. The speech Steve Jobs gave Stanford University is a very effective speech, because of his use of rhetorical devices. See full list of texts, including recommended texts. Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech Review Essay Example It turned out to be that the university was Reed College, the place in which he studied only one semester and then dropped out. Students read the text and fill in the gaps with the letter of the righ... 2,029 Downloads . After explaining his life from downpoint to success, he then goes back to humor by stating “If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. Watch this famous Steve Jobs Speech.Steven Paul Jobs was an American business magnate and investor. Under these circumstances, Jobs effectively uses triads in many of his sentences. D. to entertain listeners with stories and insights 7. For many of those that do not recognize him, he was the CEO and Co-Founder of Pixar, NeXT and Apple. He keeps repeating the sentence “If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. GradesFixer.com uses cookies. 3. In his speech, Steve Jobs achieves the main goals of the speech with focusing on the ethos, logos, and pathos, and with using the author’s unique style. “Stay Hungry. Finally, students use a focusing question and important details to form an evidence-based claim about the speech. Do you have a story that you could share with a young person that would help them understand that choices in life have an influence on what happens to you? Steve Jobs, one of the most well-known business leaders and the brain behind the majority of the technology we use today, was invited to the Graduation Ceremony of the University of Stanford. In Steve Jobs… On the first page there is a set of comprehensi... 10,644 Downloads . We’ll even meet a 3-hour deadline. Another view into Bud's character is his "Rules to Live By," which students will analyze: They will consider what various rules mean, determine whether specific rules are meant to help him survive or thrive, and make an inference about where the rule might have originated (in terms of Bud's experiences). commencement address by Steve Jobs was selected because of its popularity and the formal atmosphere that it has. Tell us how the curriculum is working in your classroom and send us corrections or suggestions for improving it. Metaphor is a “comparison made by referring to one thing as another.” Steve Jobs seems to prefer the figure simile to metaphor. All rights reserved Gradesfixer ™, “Analysis Of Rhetorical Techniques In Steve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech.”, Analysis Of Rhetorical Techniques In Steve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech [Internet]. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Stanford's graduating class of 2005 heard an inspiring and compelling speech split into three stories from Steve Jobs life. Texts that need to be procured. Name: _____ Period: _____ Date: _____ Start Up: How have your experiences and choices shaped your life? person giving the speech is known as the commencement speaker. The topic of the given paper is the analysis of major rhetorical strategies, taking Steve Jobs’ speech at Stanford Commencement as an example. 6. Steve Jobs' said the following statement in his speech: It wasn't all romantic. He discusses the hardships he went through not only himself but with his wife and kids. Due to Jobs’ extraordinary speaking abilities, he was invited to present a speech at the commencement of one of our nation’s elite universities: Stanford University. Posted: (14 days ago) Commencement Summary on Steve Jobs On June 14, 2005, Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple computer and Pixar animation studio, delivered a very strong and powerful commencement speech to the graduating class at Stanford University. Students who find writing to be a difficult task. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. Ellen uses this metaphor because it is comical and relatable to the students. We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. My friend thinks it's metonymy, but I'm not sure about that either. As students consider the idea of "rules to live by," a number of options for experts are possible. ‘You’ve got to find what you love,’ Steve Jobs This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios to Stanford University students, delivered on June 12, 2005. This worksheet is based on the video of Steve Jobs´ Stanford Commencement Address (2005).

Horror Game Play, Equate Humidifier Filter, Neutrogena Retinol Night Cream, Can't Find Pikachu In Viridian Forest, Guntersville Boat Mart Inventory, Steel Scrap Grades,

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *