The 16 is the most logical of all the gauges. Their sizes are numbered similar to the shotgun gauges — the smaller the number, the larger the shot (except in the obsolete Swedish system, in which it is reversed). In the era of blackpowder cartridge shotguns and rifles, 16-bores were made for hunting big game with solid ball, as well as for fowling. The wads are manufactured, and have always been manufactured, with 100% prime resin so ⦠[5] This contrasts with rifles and handguns, which are almost always measured in "caliber", a measurement of the internal diameter of the barrel measured in millimeters or inches and, consequently, is approximately equal to the diameter of the projectile that is fired. Antimony-lead alloys, copper plated lead shot, steel, bismuth, and tungsten composite shot all have a hardness greater than that of plain lead shot, and will deform less as well. If this hunter were using a full choke (the tightest) at 20 m (22 yd), the shot would be very close together and cause an unnecessarily large amount of damage to the rabbit, or, alternatively, a complete miss of the rabbit. Wads available for many different types and amounts of shot. The velocity of pellets must be below 425 m/s (1,390 ft/s), 390 m/s (1,300 ft/s) and 390 m/s (1,300 ft/s) respectively for the standard versions. Shot loses its velocity very quickly due to its low sectional density and ballistic coefficient (see external ballistics). A Mossberg 195 with a 18.5″ barrel for deer hunting and a six shot JC Higgins with extra full and modified choke tubes for turkey and small game. Some indoor shooting ranges prohibit the use of steel shot over concern of it causing a spark when hitting an object down range and causing a fire. For smaller game, SSG shot is half the weight of SG, SSSG shot is half the weight of SSG, SSSSG shot is half the weight of SSSG, and so on. The primers on these paper hull shotgun shells also changed from the pistol primers used on the early brass shotgun shells to a primer containing both the priming charge and an anvil, unlike rifle and pistol ammunition, making the shotgun shell primer taller. For instance, in France, it cannot be fired in the vicinity of a pond. Wish I’d started out with one, then my arm and shoulder muscles wouldn’t have gotten so big. We recommend our 9 gauge wads and cards for use with this shot shell: Loads of 12-gauge 00 buckshot are commonly available in cartridges holding from 8 (eight) to 18 (eighteen) pellets in standard shell lengths (2 3⁄4 inches, 3 inches, and 3 1⁄2). As well, lacking the volume-production savings of the 12 or 20, 16-gauge components were relatively expensive. A compliance report must be issued for each production lot and archived for later verification if needed. As a young teen I started out with a Win M12 12 gage and felt a bit superior to my cousins with their 16 ga single shots. A shotgun's shot spread refers to the two-dimensional pattern that these projectiles (or shot) leave behind on a target. Modern smokeless powders are far more efficient than the original black powder used in shotgun shells, so very little space is actually taken by powder; shotguns use small quantities of double base powders, equivalent to quick-burning pistol powders, with up to 50% nitroglycerin. The base of the shell is fairly thick to hold the large shotgun primer, which is longer than primers used for rifle and pistol ammunition. He’s still shooting pheasants today with that old gun. Buckshot is used for hunting medium to large game, as a tactical round for law enforcement and military personnel, and for personal self-defense. The 20 Ga always seemed like a gun trying to be more than it should be. Tungsten shot is often alloyed with nickel and iron, softening the base metal. The use of multiple pellets is especially useful for hunting small game such as birds, rabbits, and other animals that fly or move quickly and can unpredictably change their direction of travel. By using a full choke for targets that are farther away, the shooter again maximizes the likelihood of a kill, and maximizes the amount of edible meat. While they were best used in the M1917 revolvers, the M15 cartridge would actually cycle the semi-automatic M1911 pistols action. When the shot exits the barrel, the insert helps to push the shot out from the center, opening up the pattern. Initially, this meant that increased numbers of over powder card wads had to be stacked to achieve the same stack-up length. For older shotguns having only one fixed choke, intended primarily for equally likely use against rabbits, squirrels, quail, doves, and pheasant, an often-chosen choke is the improved cylinder, in a 28 inches (710 mm) barrel, making the shotgun suitable for use as a general all-round hunting shotgun, without having excess weight. For fixed choke shotguns, different shotguns or barrels are often selected for the intended hunting application at hand. Most shotgun slugs are designed to be fired through a cylinder bore or ⦠In practice, "dram" equivalence today most commonly equates just to a velocity rating equivalence in fps (feet-per-second), while assuming lead shot. I would love to have a Browning Sweet Sixteen and I still have hope that I can find one that someone just wants to sell because it was in their family and they don’t want it. What most have in common, alas, is that they are really not made for wingshooting as we know it. I also have a 16 Ga that I inherited from my father. In England, the 16 was never as popular as the 12, but there were always a few around, and there still are. A hunter looking for a field or full power load familiar with black-powder shotgun loads would have known exactly what the equivalence of the shotgun shells would have been in the newly introduced smokeless powder. The big ammunition makers are starting—tentatively, hesitantly, seemingly reluctantly—to offer some 16-gauge loads that are civilized in punch and recoil and still suitable for dove shooting or for an informal round of skeet. Not only were good 16-gauge hulls hard to find, shooters were limited in their choices of plastic wads and shot cups. There, the 16 is still very popular and was widely used in making combination guns like drillings. The primary purpose of a wad is to prevent the shot and powder from mixing, and to provide a seal that prevents gas from blowing through the shot rather than propelling it. This excerpt is from the Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Shotguns. Today I have one left that I ordered NIB. Trap shooting requires longer shots, and so a larger shot, usually #7½ is used. Thanks for the article. Custom Shotshell. Craft personalized loads for any shotgun or application by choosing from a full array of Tungsten Super Shot payloads for waterfowl, upland and turkey hunters. In a standard-weight 16, they kicked badly, never patterned particularly well, and were expensive. Since tungsten is very hard, it must also be used with care in older guns. Sizes larger than "0" are designated by multiple zeros. A shotgun shell, shotshell or simply shell is a type of rimmed, cylindrical (straight-walled) cartridges used specifically by shotguns, and is typically loaded with numerous small, pellet-like spherical sub-projectiles called shots, fired through a smoothbore barrel with a tapered constriction at the muzzle to regulate the extent of scattering. Any shooters who are considering buying ammo loaded with steel for anything other than hunting purposes should first find out if using it won't cause undue hazard to themselves and others. Defensive shotguns with fixed chokes generally have a cylinder bore choke. The shot fills the shot cup (which must be of the correct length to hold the desired quantity of shot), and the shotgun shell is then crimped, or rolled closed. We also have bulk 20 Gauge Shotgun ammo available. member states. Not bad for an old man and I only wished I would have bought an auto 5 Browning as a boy, it turned out to be a very well balanced gun, as good as the double guns I have hunted with. WEATHERBY INC. (In Stock) 0.0. The 16 comes by this patrician image honestly. Its bore diameter is .662-inch, almost exactly two-thirds of an inch. Waterglass (Sodium silicate) was commonly used to cement the top overshot wad into these brass shell casings. But as the shot moves farther away, the individual pellets increasingly spread out and disperse. For me 1 1/8 ounces of shot in the 16 ga. was plenty powerful enough to kill all upland game, even a few big Canadian goose that came my way. The projectiles are traditionally made of lead, but other metals such as steel, tungsten and bismuth are also used due to restrictions on lead,[2] and other unusual projectiles such as saboted flechettes, rubber balls, rock salt and magnesium shards also exist. Shop our selection of 20 gauge shotgun ammo now! As a result, the measurement of pellet velocity is also an additional obligation for shotshells in 12-, 16-, and 20-gauges in both standard and high performance versions sold in Europe. I never saw him carry any other shotgun. Another disadvantage of steel pellets is their tendency to ricochet unpredictably after striking any hard surface. Hunters or target shooters can install several types of chokes, on guns having selectable chokes, depending on the range at which their intended targets will be located. Piranha rounds: shells full of sharp tacks. Birdshots are designed to use for waterfowl and upland hunting, where the games are agile small/medium-sized birds. The use of lead shot is banned in Canada and the United States when hunting migratory game birds, such as ducks and geese, forcing the use of non-toxic shot in these countries for waterfowl hunting (lead shot can still legally be used in the United States for hunting game other than waterfowl). The steel pellets used must have a hardness under 100 HV1, but, even so, steel is known to wear the barrel excessively over time if the steel pellet velocities become too high, leading to potentially harmful situations for the user. Most shotgun shells contain multiple pellets in order to increase the likelihood of a target being hit. [17] Another is a partial ring cut around the case intended to ensure that the shot comes out tightly bunched along with the portion of the case forward of the cut, creating a 'cut-shell'. A 16-gauge lead ball weighs exactly an ounce. After a few days of teeth knashing and fretting over it, I gave it to my oldest son. By using a cylinder bore, this hunter would maximize the likelihood of a kill, and maximize the amount of edible meat. Eventually, this also led to the introduction of one-piece plastic wads in the late 1950s through the early 1960s, to add additional wad volumes, in order to maintain the same overall shotgun shell length. [14] This type of ammunition is produced by Federal and CCI, among others. I look forward to more like it. We hunted together from the time I turned 10(ish) till the late 70’s when I moved away for a job. To further complicate matters, "dram" equivalence was only defined for 12 gauge shotgun shells, and only for lead shot, although it has often been used for describing other gauges of shells, and even steel shot loaded shells. For example, a shotgun shell containing a 3 or 3 1/2 dram load of black-powder was a common hunting field load, and a heavy full power load would have contained about a 4 to 4-1/2 dram load, whereas a shotgun shell containing only a 2 dram load of black-powder was a common target practice load. Commonly used by hikers, backpackers and campers, snake shot is ideally suited for use in revolvers and derringers, chambered for .38 Special and .357 Magnum. You can carry it all day and hardly feel it, then shoot a hundred rounds and be ready for more. Ferret rounds: rounds designed to penetrate a thin barrier (e.g. In fact, the last year or two has seen a fad for 16s; during a visit to Holland & Holland’s Bruton Street shop, in late 2012, I saw a rack with a half-dozen 16-bore doubles just waiting for new homes. Learn how your comment data is processed. In the United States, the 16’s loss of popularity is generally blamed on the originators of skeet. There has been an error with your Email Subscription. I was not aware of the skeet issue effecting the 16. Australia has a hybrid system due to its market being flooded with a mixture of British, American, and European shells. He is a regular contributor to the annual Gun Digest and has won the Gun Digest John T. Amber Literary Award. Because of this, the effective range of a shotgun, when firing a multitude of shot, is limited to approximately 20 to 50 m (22 to 55 yd). The cushion comes next, and it is designed to compress under pressure, to act as a shock absorber and minimize the deformation of the shot; it also serves to take up as much space as is needed between the powder wad and the shot. [citation needed]. The reasoning behind this archaic equivalence is that when smokeless powder first came out, some method of establishing an equivalence with common shotgun shell loads was needed in order to sell a box of shotgun shells. Shotshells are loaded with different sizes of shot depending on the target. When the rules for skeet were drawn up, in 1926, it was decreed that the game would be officially shot with four gauges—12, 20, 28, and .410—and that left the 16 an orphan. Shooting the softest possible shot will result in more shot deformation and a wider pattern. Hunting loads that use either spreaders or non-spherical shot are usually called "brush loads", and are favored for hunting in areas where dense cover keeps shot distances very short. A modern wad consists of three parts, the powder wad, the cushion, and the shot cup, which may be separate pieces or be one part. Please try again. You might think this would have had a minimal effect, but the course of events went roughly as follows. Get 12 Issues a year of the country's best firearms writing. To control this effect, shooters may use a constriction within the barrel of a shotgun called a choke. The most popular shotgun gauge by far is 12-gauge. It is argued that steel shot cannot safely be used in some older shotguns without causing damage to either the bore or to the choke due to the hardness of steel shot. For hunting, shot size must be chosen not only for the range, but also for the game. As for factory ammunition, manufacturers seemed determined to make the 16 the ballistic equivalent of the 12, presumably believing no one would shoot a 16 otherwise. I have strayed somewhat from discussion of the gauge itself into the guns that use it, but conversations about the 16 tend to do that. Besides pressure testing, shotshells containing steel pellets require an additional Vickers hardness test. The aura of the “gentleman’s gauge” has crept into the limelight once again. It is an old break action single shot. The head is engraved Parker Brothers Meriden, Conn. - 10 gauge A markings for a historic appearance. These are the .410 (10.4mm), .380 (9mm), and .22 (5.5mm); these are correctly called ".410 bore", not ".410-gauge". The shot must reach the target with enough energy to penetrate to a depth sufficient to kill the game. The .45-70 "Forager" round, which contained a thin wooden bullet filled with birdshot, was intended for hunting small game to supplement the soldiers' rations. Shot of these sizes is used in specialized shotshells designed to be fired at close range (less than four yards) for killing snakes, rats and similar-sized animals. I was wondering why 16 ga. ammo was a touch hard to find. Unfortunately, in this era of non-lead shot for migratory birds, the standard 16 really doesn’t have the case capacity to accommodate the bulkier steel-shot charges required, so it is best relegated to upland status. We accept returns. Thereâs no such thing as a shotgun approach with Federal Custom Shop. More components are available today from reloading supply firms like Ballistic Products, and there is an increasing amount of reloading data for everything from low-pressure loads for vintage guns to hefty waterfowl loads using non-lead shot. #7 shot is 2.5 mm. Our 12 gauge shotguns shells are in stock - ready to ship. Americaâs classic doubles in 16-gauge, such as the Parker, Ithaca, Fox, and L.C. Dram equivalence has no bearing on the reloading of shotgun shells with smokeless powder; loading a shotgun shell with an equivalent dram weight of smokeless powder would cause a shotgun to explode. These shotgun shells using paper hulls were nearly always roll crimped, although fold crimping also eventually became popular. Bismuth shot falls between steel and tungsten shot in both density and cost. Reduced-recoil 00 buckshot shells are often used as tactical and self-defense rounds, minimizing shooter stress and improving the speed of follow-up shots. For example, a shotgun is called "12-gauge" because a lead sphere that just fits the inside diameter of the barrel weighs 1⁄12 pound (38 g). As noted previously, paper shells used to be common, and are still made, as are solid brass shells. For American shot, a useful method for remembering the diameter of numbered shot in inches is simply to subtract the shot size from 17. Becoming Graf & Sons. Likewise, shotguns intended primarily for use with slugs invariably also are found with a choke that is a cylinder bore. In the United States, in the early years of the twentieth century, the 16 was known as the “gentleman’s gauge.” This differentiated it from the down-market 12, which was used by market gunners, farmers, and deer hunters. For the 2016 film, see, "Birdshot" redirects here. Thus, a 10-gauge shotgun has a larger-diameter barrel than a 12-gauge shotgun, which has a larger-diameter barrel than a 20-gauge shotgun, and so forth. The reason? For this reason, steel shot is explicitly banned at most indoor shooting ranges. The mid-size 20-gauge is also a very popular chambering for smaller-framed shooters who favor its reduced recoil, those hunting smaller game, and experienced trap and skeet shooters who like the additional challenge of hitting their targets with a smaller shot charge. [18] This can be dangerous, as it is thought to cause higher chamber pressures—especially if part of the shell remains behind in the barrel and is not cleared before another shot is fired.[18][19]. A modern shotgun slug is a heavy projectile made of lead, copper, or other material and fired from a shotgun.Slugs are designed for hunting large game, self-defense, and other uses.The first effective modern shotgun slug was introduced by Wilhelm Brenneke in 1898, and his design remains in use today. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. For hunting game, the range and penetration needed to assure a clean kill is considered. For the 2016 Philippine film, see, "Buckshot" redirects here. Due to the recent events, Graf & Sons has received an enormous influx of orders. Shotgun shells are generally measured by "gauge", which is the weight, in fractions of a pound, of a pure lead round ball that is the same diameter as the internal diameter of the barrel; in Britain and some other locations outside the United States the term "bore" is used with the same meaning. The 16ga M12 is really a delight to handle and carry compared the 12ga. pressure specifications. They are either combined with a rifle barrel or have excessive drop in a rifle-style stock. In metric measurement, it is easy to remember that #5 shot is 3 mm; each number up or down represents a 0.25 mm change in diameter, so e.g. However, some shotgun shells only contain one metal shot, known as a slug, for hunting large game such as deer. The romantic ideal of a 16 was a sleek double—a Parker, perhaps, or an Ansley Fox—intended for hunting upland birds like bobwhite quail and ruffed grouse. A shell can sometimes also contain only a single large solid projectile known as a slug, fired usually through a rifled slug barrel. They are also used for airport and warehouse pest control.[7]. For the rapper of the hip hop trio, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Gauge (bore diameter) § Calculating_gauge, "USGS National Wildlife Health Center - Lead Poisoning", https://www.chuckhawks.com/shotgun_slugs.htm, https://www.rem870.com/2016/01/25/shotgun-shells-explained-types-of-ammo-birdshot-buckshot-slugs/, http://www.mcpheetersantiquemilitaria.com/06_ammunition/06_item_058.htm, https://www.si.com/vault/1984/11/05/623025/the-american-hunter-still-balks-at-switching-from-lead-to-steel-shot, https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/lead-ammunition-toxic-wildlife-people-and-environment, https://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=A11C3D76-AC20-11D4-A179009027B6B5D3, "After bagging 300 birds, researchers declare that No. Lead shot in waterfowl hunting was banned throughout the United States in 1991. The following formulas relate the bore diameter dn (in inches) to the gauge n: For example, the common bore diameter dn = 0.410 inches (.410 bore) is effectively gauge n = 67.6 . Rifles specifically made to fire .22 caliber snake shot are also commonly used by farmers for pest control inside of barns and sheds, as the snake shot will not shoot holes in the roof or walls, or more importantly injure livestock with a ricochet. Ask about our loading data. Shotguns have an effective range of about 35 m (38 yd) with buckshot, 45 m (49 yd) with birdshot, 100 m (110 yd) with slugs, and well over 150 m (160 yd) with saboted slugs in rifled barrels.[3][4][5]. Get the latest news and reviews from Gundigest.com. With twenty-one different models from which to choose, the Claybuster Wad Line can satisfy nearly every target or wing shooting application for reloading. Due to this high volume of orders, shipping will be delayed 16-18 BUSINESS DAYS.Also, we are currently delayed up to 20-25 BUSINESS DAYS on powder orders.We continue to work as hard as we can to get your order shipped out as soon as possible. There are also some shotguns measured by diameter, rather than gauge. Generally birdshot is just called "shot", such as "number 9 shot" or "BB shot". It is now my favorite hunting shotgun. [8][9] This round in effect made the .45-70 rifle into a small gauge shotgun, capable of killing rabbits, ducks, and other small game. As a young boy in the early 1960’s the pheasant, rabbit and quail populations were at there zenith, I started out with a second hand Savage model 220 hammerless single shot my dad bought me for $15.00, and then my Dad’s Savage 16 ga. pump gun and finally my own Savage Fox model B double barrel in 16 ga. Fast forward 48 years and I purchased a very rare and expensive Browning light weight Auto-5 in 16 ga. with screw in factory chokes. My dad has a 16 gauge Ithaca feather light pump… I never had a 12 gauge and thought they were too common place I like the 16 and my Win 20… I also hunt deer with the Ruger 44 Mag Carbine…. The Australian system is similar, except that it has 00-SG, a small-game shell filled with 00 buckshot. The only place left in Ohio where I could find pheasants was a pay per bird preserve and I downed 10 birds out of 12 flushed. Ballistically, the 16 lies between the 20 and 12. Intentionally deformed shot (hammered into ellipsoidal shape) or cubical shot will also result in a wider pattern, much wider than spherical shot, with more consistency than spreader wads. As we have already noted, on paper, the 16 is the perfect shotgun, the right size load creating the optimum shot column for delivering the perfect pattern from a gun weighing exactly six pounds. A rifled barrel will increase the accuracy of sabot slugs, but makes it unsuitable for firing shot, as it imparts a spin to the shot cup, causing the shot cluster to disperse. Snake shot may not cycle properly in semi-automatic pistols. However, the increased pressure in most steel cartridges is a far greater problem, causing more strain to the breech of the gun. B shot is .170 inches, and sizes go up in .01 increments for BB and BBB sizes. The C.I.P. He’s wearing those hand prints a little deeper. NobelSport Italia (NSI) ammunition is a great choice for affordable shells for your favorite 12 Gauge. Often these result in inconsistent performance, though modern designs are doing much better than the traditional improvised solutions. "00" (usually pronounced "double-aught" in North American English) is the most commonly sold size. They were issued to pilots, to be used as foraging ammunition in the event that they were shot down. It is at its best with shot charges of 7/8-ounce to 11/8 ounces. The most common snake shot cartridges are .22 Long Rifle, .22 Magnum, .38 Special, 9×19mm Luger, .40 Smith & Wesson, .44 Special, .45 ACP, and .45 Colt. I load my own 240 grn HP with HP 110 which works great, My family were avid pheasant hunters from Iowa in 50s and60s. Bolo rounds: two large lead balls attached by a wire. Lead shot is still the best ballistic performer, but environmental restrictions on the use of lead, especially with waterfowl, require steel, bismuth, or tungsten composites. A rifled slug uses rifling on the slug itself so it can be used in a smoothbore shotgun. An ounce of shot in a true 16-gauge bore creates a shot column of perfect dimensions for a good pattern. RST, the boutique ammunition company that supplies lovely, light loads in all different gauges and case lengths to keep old guns shooting and provide comfortable shooting even for new guns, makes 16-gauge ammunition to suit any gun ever made. Still, if there is a bargain to be had in guns, it is in the 16-gauge pumps from years past—the Winchester Model 12, the Remington Model 31, and the Ithaca Model 37. Great article. Sixteen-gauge “heavy field” loads were hot and threw 11/8 or 1¼ ounces of lead. The 4, 8, 24, and 32 gauge guns are collector items. Some companies have produced what appear to be all-plastic shells, although in these there is a small metal ring cast into the rim of the shell to provide strength. I have owned mine since 1973 and have killed many white tails with it. With a widespread decline in game bird numbers and strict bag limits, shooters were left with trap and skeet, if they wanted to do much shooting. [1] The caliber of the shotshell is known as its gauge. Starting in the late 1870s, paper hulls began replacing brass hulls. Due to environmental regulations, lead-loaded ammunition must be used carefully by hunters in Europe. In Europe, nothing. Today, however, this represents a poorly understood equivalence of the powder charge power in a shotgun shell. A buffering material, such as granulated plastic,[17] sawdust, or similar material can be mixed with the shot to fill the spaces between the individual pellets. The resulting answer is the diameter of the shot in hundredths of an inch. I killed more pheasant with my old JC Penny 16 gauge lever action than my dad with Remington 12 gauge automatic and brother with his Remington 12 gauge pump combined. I guess I am not one to follow the herd. Is it any wonder the 16 went into a steady, sad decline? Similarly, shotgun manufacturers selling shotguns in the United States select their own appropriate standards for setting steel hardness for shotgun barrels and for velocities of steel shotshell loaded ammunition. Those don’t sell for peanuts by any means, but think of it as a lifetime investment in pleasant shooting. In some cases, it is not practical to do this; the gun might have fixed choke, or a shooter firing at receding targets may want to fire a wide pattern immediately followed by a narrower pattern out of a single barrelled shotgun. J-Ron Inc.'s Claybuster Wad Line is a well established economical wad line built for target-shooters and wing-shooters alike. Snake shot (AKA: bird shot, rat shot and dust shot)[6] refers to handgun and rifle cartridges loaded with small lead shot. A secondary impact of this equivalence was that common shotgun shells needed to stay the same size, physically, e.g., 2-1/2 or 2-3/4-inch shells, in order to be used in pre-existing shotguns when smokeless powder started being used to load shotgun shells in the place of black-powder. The wad design may also encompass a shock absorber and a cup that holds the shot together until it is out of the barrel. We got a Remington Sportsman 58 auto in 16 ga. from my father-in-law. The larger 10-gauge, once popular for hunting larger birds such as goose and turkey, is in the decline with the advent of longer, "magnum" 12-gauge shells, which offer similar performance. Unfortunately I didn’t truly discover the 16 gage until a couple years ago when I got an early Win M12. The powder wad acts as the gas seal (known as obturation), and is placed firmly over the powder; it may be a paper or plastic part. It only has an equivalence in the reloading of shotgun shells with black powder. LOL Thanks for the informative writeup. I was not aware of the impact of the skeet rules on the popularity of the 16 gauge. When Dad got too old to hunt, he passed the gun to me. [14] Another less important dimension of spread concerns the length of the in-flight shot string from the leading pellet to the trailing one. By the way, my sweet sixteen, although old, did not need reaming. [21] A dram in the avoirdupois system is the mass of 1⁄256 pound or 1⁄16 ounce or 27.3 grains. Great for collectors, dealers and shooters that need a fast, visual verification of choke constriction. To me the 16 ga. always has been the perfect upland gauge. Thin, lightweight, stainless steel gauge fits easily in your pocket and measures choke constriction on all .410, 28, 20, 16, 12, and 10 gauge shotgun barrels. Terry Wieland is shooting editor of Gray’s Sporting Journal and a recognized authority on fine firearms. The primers on these early shotgun shells were identical to pistol primers of the same diameter. The shell casing usually consist of a paper or plastic tube mounted on a brass base holding a primer, and the shots are typically contained by a wadding/sabot inside the case. Dickdintx. Most shotgun shells are designed to be fired from a smoothbore barrel, but dedicated shotguns with rifled barrels are limited to lead slugs or sabot slugs as "shot" would be spread too wide by the rifling.
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