In many parts of Libya, armed groups, rather than state institutions, provide security and law enforcement functions, including detention of terrorist elements. Citing the work of U.N.-sponsored talks in Geneva, he pointed to progress in agreeing a way to unify Libya’s fragmented state and prepare for elections. By: Abdelkader Assad, freelancer journalist . This study reviews Libya’s security picture and explores how its fragmented state structure encourages the proliferation of non-state armed groups, which, consequently, at times challenge the state itself. While most discussions about the Libyan crisis revolve around geopolitics and international interference, internal divisions within Libya’s civil society and political institutions have also played a fundamental role in destabilizing the country since the fall of Moamar Gaddafi in 2012. The city of Sirte, once the crowning jewel of the Islamic State in Libya, was part of the ISIS-controlled coastline from 2015 to 2016. Citing the work of U.N.-sponsored talks in Geneva, he pointed to progress in agreeing a way to unify Libya's fragmented state and prepare for elections. The weakness of the UN-backed government in Tripoli has allowed a fertile environment for the plunder of state revenues by corrupt officials and armed groups. Khalifa Haftar’s march on the Libyan capital is a bid for control of a fragmented state. After Gadhafi, Libya's military collapsed and the country fragmented, carved up by powerful militias. Since 2014, Libya has been fragmented between two rival entities competing for legitimacy, governance, and territorial control. Key words: Gaddafi, modern Libya, Libyan human development, intellectual legacy … An Internationally Sustained Fragmentation . First in an offensive against ISIS led by Libyan security forces in 2016. Over a six-month offensive, Libyan security forces combined with U.S. airstrikes wiped out ISIS combatants from the area. The de-facto division of Libya between the northwest (with significant Turkish and Qatari influence) and the east (with a Russian, Emirati and Egyptian presence) will further deepen the country’s fragmentation. Bombing largely ceased last year. Today, the city has been reduced to rubble. According to the UN, Sarraj made good progress in agreeing by a way to unify Libya’s fragmented state and prepare for elections. The preparedness and response capacity of the interim MoH in east Libya is reportedly very limited. In October 2015, Abu Bakr al – Baghdadi’s IS gained a foothold in the port city of Derna, after a senior IS official was ordered there tasked to unite a spectrum of extremist … Governance and Economic Challenges. But the nature of militia power in Libya is local, tribal and fragmented. • The absence of governance (and resulting … Muammar Qadhafi ran a highly centralised state in which power, national institutions and oil wealth were all concentrated in Tripoli. In contemporary Libya, a panoply of state and non-state actors forms an unconventional security apparatus. Nonstate … The Islamist "Libya Dawn" has been described as "an uneasy coalition" identified as "terrorists" by the elected parliament in Tobruk including "former al-Qaeda jihadists" who fought against Qaddafi in the nineties, members of Libya's branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, and a "network of conservative merchants" from Misrata, whose fighters make up "the largest block of Libya … The country’s fragmented security landscape contributes to long‑standing local conflicts, disorder, and political instability – thus paralysing the country’s political transition, with destabilising consequences in the region (Joffé, 2018). For any militia to expend its energies on fighting IS in Sirte would be to expose it to attack on its home territory. Sarraj is head of the Government of National Accord (GNA), based in Tripoli , while eastern Libya and much of the south is controlled by Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). The greed of Libya’s political class also exacerbated the rifts within the security sector, as politicians opportunistically diverted state resources to sponsor the factions that would … In particular, the disconnect between political and military actors, that is the inability of representatives of transitional state institutions to exercise their authority on the armed … Then by nearly 500 precision airstrikes from the United States. PART THREE. Posted in: Opinions. Despite the 2011 revolution starting in the east and despite the east’s longstanding calls for Benghazi to regain its historical importance, this imbalance has yet to be redressed. • Libya is at high risk for COVID-19 given its political instability (fragmented state: two Ministries of Health), insecurity, weak health system. Thus, while post-Qadhafi Libya has fragmented into a … The report shows how governance in all four states has become increasingly fragmented and localized as the ability of the central state to govern has been eroded. In many respects, it is considered to be a failed state, lacking a unified, representative and legitimate government, and unable to exercise nationwide authority or hold a monopoly over the use of force. DUBAI: The United Arab Emirates, accused this week by the United States of military intervention in Libya’s protracted civil war, issued a statement stating its readiness to work “closely” with the new US administration for a peaceful solution to the conflict. Libya’s Strategic Importance to the Future of the Islamic State. There are hundreds of different armed groups … On December 17, 2015, representatives from what were then the two parties of conflict - the House of Representatives (HoR) and the General National Congress (GNC) gathered in one meeting hall … But sleeper cells still lurk in the Sirte desert, and though it no longer … Libya’s military forces are similarly weak and fragmented. Libya, fragmented since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, now has rival militia-backed parliaments. Libya: the battle for peace in a failing state Hope grows that a renewed diplomatic effort can unite warring factions in the oil exporting country Share on Twitter (opens new window) The argument will begin by investigating the inherited legacy …
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