Lateen: | | ||| | Originally found on sailing ships, the lateen sail is ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the … On modern lateens, with their typically shallower angles, this tends to disrupt the airflow over a larger area of the sail. lateen sail in American English. On the other tack the sail is pushed away from the mast, greatly reducing the interference. Thus, the Spaniards often re-rigged their vessels when they ventured out of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic, where the winds are constant and a square rig had the advantage. on the Mediterranean Sea. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction. Lateen sail, triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation. vel (kär′vəl, -vĕl′) n. Any of several types of small, light sailing ships, especially one with two to four masts and lateen sails used by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 1400s and 1500s. [41], The lateen sail can also be tacked by loosening the yard upper brace, tightening the lower brace until the yard is in vertical position, and twisting the yard on the other side of the mast by a tack. Another way of tacking with a lateen sail is to loosen the braces, lift the yard vertical, detach the sheet and tack, and turn the sail on the other side of the mast in front of the mast, and reattach the sheet and tack. [30] Since lateen sails were absent from Indian inland waters, that is in regions remote from foreign influences, as late as the mid-20th century, the hypothesis of an Indian origin appears a priori implausible. The lateen sail originated somewhat later during the Roman empire in the Mediterranean Sea. Lateen Sails. [citation needed]. [36] Boats depicted in Chamardi rock cave painting dated to Maitraka dynasty from 5th century-7th century AD (but sometimes dated as late as 10th, 12th or 14th century) provides evidence of two Kotiya ships with lateen sail also with mounted rudder. This method is described in Björn Landström's The Ship. The front ends of both spars are joined together. By knowing this, navigators could find the latitude line and sail east or west along it to reach their destination. Combined with the square sail, it produced the ocean-conquering full-rigged ship. [22], After the Muslim conquests, the Arabs adopted the lateen sail by way of the Coptic populace, which shared the existing Mediterranean maritime tradition and continued to provide the bulk of galley crews for Muslim-led fleets for centuries to come. See definitions of lateen. It may have also caused the unique invention of the outrigger boats of Austronesians, because of the inherent instability that crab-claw sails introduced to small watercraft. In the 16th century, when Spain ruled the Netherlands, the lateen rigs were introduced to Dutch boat builders, who soon modified the design by omitting the mast and fastening the lower end of the yard directly to the deck, the yard becoming a raked mast with a full-length, triangular (leg-of-mutton) mainsail aft. Corrections? ‘Also, the fore-and-aft sail on the mizzenmast, originally a triangular lateen sail, was changed to … ORIGIN: mid 16th cent. Lateen sails on the other hand, were much more versatile, as they were triangular shaped and the sail's free corner by the stern, allowing the sail to catch wind from either side. So called because it was used in the Mediterranean. The vessel is double-ended and is shunted, not tacked. The geometry of the sail is such that the upper and lower spars are confined to a plane parallel to the mast. The ancient square sail permitted sailing only before the wind; the lateen was the earliest fore-and-aft sail. : 102–103 In historical sources, tanja sail is sometimes incorrectly to referred as lateen sail or simply square sail. The lateen is believed to have been used in the eastern Mediterranean as early as the 2nd century ce, possibly imported from Egypt or the Persian Gulf. They are used on small recreational boats like the highly popular Sailfish and Sunfish. noun. Most material © 2005, 1997, 1991 by Penguin Random House LLC. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It evolved out of the dominant square rig by setting the sails more fore-and-aft – along the line of the keel – rather than athwartship, while tailoring the luff and leech. Second, the adoption of the sternpost rudder…, …square sails replaced the simple lateen sails that were the mainstay during the Middle Ages, particularly in the Mediterranean.…. Such theories have been superseded by unequivocal depictions of lateen-rigged Mediterranean sailing vessels which pre-date the Arab invasion. – The sunfish, a boardboat, is a popular boat due to its small size and easy portability. The sail is to the side of the mast, on one tack that puts the mast directly against the sail on the leeward side, where it can significantly interfere with the airflow over the sail. Single-outrigger proa: single mast with crab claw sail. A lateen or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast. A lateen (from a la trina, meaning triangular) is a triangular sail set on a long yardarm mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. noun A triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast. (also lateen sail) a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast. A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin"[1]) or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. The lateen sail is a fore and aft design meaning it is orientated along the keel line, or length, of the vessel. [32] As Portuguese hull design and construction methods are known to have been subsequently adopted by Eastern Muslim shipbuilders, it is assumed that this process also included the lateen rigging of the novel caravel. Some historians claim the dhow was invented by Arabs or Indians. Modified entries © 2019 by Penguin Random House LLC and HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. Dhow is the generic name for a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. [34][35] A terracotta seal from Chandraketugarh according to J. Deloche may represent furled lateen sail. Omissions? Lateen: | | ||| | Originally found on sailing ships, the lateen sail is ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Although he supported an Indian Ocean origin for the sail, Bowen rejected the notion that the Arabs invented it. The balancelle, a Mediterranean coasting and fishing boat of the 19th century, also used a single lateen sail. This was due mainly to the earliest (at that time) iconographic depictions of lateen rigged ships from the Mediterranean post-dating the Islamic expansion into the Mediterranean basin...It was assumed that the Arab people who invaded the Mediterranean basin in the 7th century carried with them the sailing rig familiar to them. So called because it was used in the Mediterranean. The lateen sail is slung obliquely to present a curved surface to the wind and derives its motive force from the pressure differential between the convex and concave sides of the sail. The lateen sail on the dhow looks triangular to the casual observer, but in fact it is quadrilateral and is correctly termed a settee sail. [38] According to archaeologist Daniel T Potts, An iron age pendant from Tell Abraq also shows one of the earliest depiction of lateen sails dated 1000-500 BC[39], After 1500, the situation in the Indian Ocean dramatically changed, with nearly all vessels now being lateen rigged. The lateen sail had at least two independent origins and possibly three The Pacific Ocean-southeast Asian lateen certainly had a separate ancestry from the Indian Ocean lateen, and it now seems possible (though less likely) that the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean lateens also developed independently Until the 14th century, the lateen sail was employed primarily on the Mediterranean Sea, while the Atlantic and Baltic (and Indian Ocean) vessels relied on square sails. on the northern coast of Africa; pertaining to a lateen sail.See below. [33] A recent discovering of a pot shred from Srilanka dating back to 3nd century BC shows triangular sail on a rigger. [citation needed], The lateen rig was also the ancestor of the Bermuda rig, by way of the Dutch bezaan rig. There are beautiful little harbors and bays everywhere, some an hour or so of sailing away and some only a half hour's sail away. Introduced to Bermuda early in the 17th century, this developed into the Bermuda rig, which, in the 20th century, was adopted almost universally for small sailing vessels. [24] More detailed research into their early use of the lateen is hampered by a distinct lack of unequivocal depictions of sailing rigs in early Islamic art. However, the great size of the lateen yardarm makes it difficult and dangerous to handle on larger ships in stormy weather, and with the development of the carrack, the lateen was restricted to the mizzen mast. The lateen is a triangular sail mounted at an angle and running in a fore-and-aft direction. Both joints are designed to allow free rotation in all directions. Sunfish rig: single unstayed mast with single sail. (Entry 1 of 2) : being or relating to a rig used especially on the north coast of Africa and characterized by a triangular sail extended by a long spar slung to a low mast. The simplest form of the crab claw sail (also with the widest distribution) is composed of a triangular sail supported by two light spars (sometimes erroneously called … This results in the sail forming a conic section, identical to half of the Rogallo wing commonly found in kites and hang gliders. French (voile) latine lateen (sail) feminine of latin Latin (from its use in the Mediterranean) from Old French Latin. Neither the attribution of the lateen to the Arabs nor its origin in the Indian Ocean can any longer be upheld: The origin of the lateen sail has often been attributed by scholars to the Indian Ocean and its introduction into the Mediterranean traditionally ascribed to the Arab expansion of the early-7th century. This combination allowed ships so equipped to sail close to the wind. [16] The Kelenderis ship mosaic (late 5th to early 6th century)[17][18] and the Kellia ship graffito from the early 7th century complement the picture. For instance, barge-like vessels in the American maritimes north of Boston, called gundalows, carried lateen rigs throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [40] Within fourteen years of da Gama's arrival, lateens were spotted by the Portuguese on local vessels.[40]. Tanja sail (Malay: layar tanja) or tanja rig is a type of sail commonly used by the Malay people and other Austronesians, particularly in Maritime Southeast Asia.It is also known as the tilted square sail, canted rectangular sail, or balance lug sail in English. The lateen (triangular) sail: One of the biggest jumps in the history of sailing technology was the invention of the lateen or latin-rig sail. There are two and possibly three origins of the lateen sail: the Mediterranean and/or the Indian Ocean, and separately Austronesia (later diffused into Polynesia). One of the disadvantages of the lateen in the modern form described below is the fact that it has a "bad tack". [31] The earliest evidence for the lateen in Islamic art adjacent to the Indian Ocean occurs in a 13th-century Egyptian artifact which, however, is assumed to show a Mediterranean vessel. These sails were also quite mobile, making them an extremely useful sailing technology for seafarers to employ. noun. Despite being a useful tool, the mariner’s astrolabe had its problems. A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin" [1]) or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction.. Lateen A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin") or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction.
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