What is even worse is that when an animal dies, the ecosystem will be damaged and human beings will pay for the price. The records shall be in accordance with sections 2.75 and 2.76 unless the animals are lost or stray. Ethical concerns. Excluded from this definition are birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research, horses not used for research purposes, and other farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes. (Sect. Section 2.1 Requirements and application. Otherwise, all efforts, money and time are wasted, more so if an animal requires special treatment to obtain long-term results. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (b)(1)-(4). (3) To make copies of the records. USDA. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. (Sect. let`s find out. Proponents, however, would say that animals should be free from human exploitation and cruelty, even if they are below humans in the natural world chain. (b) Any dealer or exhibitor offering a nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the nonhuman primate, written instructions for a 24 hour period for the in-transit food and water requirements of the nonhuman primate(s) contained in the enclosure. But here is a problem: if animal suffering is minimized, what will become of product research and development? Simply stated, critics arguments that lab animals are protected by federal law is a manipulated version of the story: society's only efforts to protect animals are tepid attempts as we allow lab animals to be tortured without any compensation. The plan must include written standard procedure s to be followed in providing the opportunity for exercise. Intensive farming gives animals very limited space. Use ourAnimal Welfare Act Quick Reference Guides. (Sect.2.75 (a)(1)-(4)). Millions of animals are killed per year due to animal testing, so is this practice worth banning? The Bill of Rights provides basic rights to laboratory animals, farm animals, companion animals and wildlife. legislature pertaining to animal welfare in the UK. Instructions for no food or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. 1. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. The plan must be made available to APHIS upon request. (Sect.3.86 (e)). Advantage of having the Forest Right Act Forest conservation supports life on earth. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (c)(1)-(4). 3.35 (c)). Match. 2.1 (e)(1)). The article explained that no experiment is prohibited, no matter how grievous or petty; that painkillers are never required; and when alternatives to animal test subjects are feasible, federal law does not require their use. 3. Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. Section 3.81 Environment enhancement to promote psychological well-being. Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. (d) Any dealer or exhibitor offering any live animal to any carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce shall affix to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting such live animal, written instructions concerning the food and water requirements of such animal while being so transported. Without it, they experience unnecessary stress which impacts your bottom line. Nowadays, consumers are placing more attention to their consumption of animal product. Records of all such test results shall be maintained by management for a 1-year period and must be made available for inspection purposes on request." These are the American Humane Association, Animal Allies, Committee to Abolish Sport Hunting, and Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), to name a few. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperature allowed by the standards may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian . on a specific date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such animal for transportation in commerce, stating that such live animal is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.141 and 3.142. The system of patronage has very distinct advantages and disadvantages. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . The AWAHDC contains U.S. Government publications related to the AWA that fall into three categories: legislative history, regulatory history, and USDA publications. Such exemption must be documented by the attending veterinarian and, unless the basis for the exemption is a permanent condition, must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian. Nowadays animals are presented in many places of entertainment such as zoos and cruces as well as aquariums where the audients pay a lot of cash to watch fun and exciting things going on, it sure makes us happy but what about the animals are they happy too? 3). (f) Marking and labeling. Freedom from Discomfort - by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area. According to poet and philosopher, Sri Aurobindo, Life is lifewhether in a cat, or dog or man. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Persuasive Speech Animal Testing 1084 Words | 5 Pages Official websites use .gov According to PETA, the largest animal rights organization in the world, more than 100 million animals are slaughtered in U.S. laboratories every year. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Animal exploitation groups, Animal use groups, Animal use group examples and more. 1 Charges and countercharges permeate both written and oral discussions of this topic. . 3.112 (c)). There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . a barrister for over 20 years, working in the field of animal. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. (a) Each dealer and exhibitor, shall, during business hours, allow APHIS officials: (1) To enter its place of business. Many may argue that the use of animals for entertainment is ok because it is what the animals were born to do (ProQuest Staff); however,the use of animals for entertainment is not okay and constitutes animal cruelty because the animals are not getting the care they need, and the animals are suffering. The market of animal welfare will reached its optimal level due to policy implementation by the government. The Five Freedoms: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour. Action for Animals logo. Every day, thousands of animals are subjected to cruel, inhumane treatment. 2.8). Stunt research development Animal testing opens doors in research of new products and medication that will significantly speed up the development in the medicine field. Section 3.113 Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals. 3.81 (e)). Save Paper 2 Page 256 Words No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation or transport.any live rabbit in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.61. 3.13 (c)). Dogs, cats, guinea pig, and warm-blooded animals are well protected under this law. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. (a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section. 3.113 (g)). You get enough to meet your basic needs and nothing more. 3.14 (a)(6)). Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. Furthermore, critics argue that the parameters of the Animal Welfare Act protect primates used in laboratories by stating all facilities must promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates in a which is referred to environmental enhancement. 3.101 (b)). The advantages are that you have a boss that looks after you and takes care of the problems and issues in everyday. Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. It includes, but not limited to, the avoidance of abuse, maltreatment, cruelty and exploitation of animals by humans by maintaining The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires wholesale breeders and dealers who supply animalsto pet stores, brokers, or research facilities to be licensed with USDA. Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. Subpart H - Compliance With Standards and Holding Period. Animal welfare has been a controversial subject in recent years. If it does, then it can be tested on humans with a lower risk of a negative outcome. The advantage of animal research is that it puts no human lives at risk. Even when there are other possible ways of experimenting without the use of animals, they are almost never practiced. Good enough if the test results will come out conclusive. Our common objective when it comes to welfare is for a British racing industry with agreed, transparent, world-leading standards of equine care for the whole life of our horses; a commitment to innovate and make ongoing, measurable improvements based on clear evidence; delivered through a coherent, proactive strategy with the full engagement of (e) All animals, except dogs and cats, shall be identified as indicated in section 2.50 (e) by each dealer or exhibitor. (b) Water and power supply. Animal cruelty legislation prohibits the most extreme, deliberate or willful forms of mistreatment of animals, imposing criminal sanctions for certain acts that constitute "cruelty to animals". After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (the 2006 Act) is the principal law relating to animal welfare. Home Essay Samples Law, Crime & Punishment Animal Cruelty Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Animals For Entertainment Purposes This essay has been submitted by a student. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. (1) "The attending veterinarian may exempt an individual nonhuman primate from participation in the environment enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being. 3.87 (g)). In the United States, there are many laws in place to prevent the mistreatment of animals, but one of the most harmful ways of abusing animals is not only legal, but considered by many to be completely justified. (3.106 (b)(3)) . One copy of the record must accompany each animal shipment. The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 3.27 (b)). Unless the basis for exemption is a permanent condition, the exemption must be reviewed at least every 30 days by the attending veterinarian." The requirements of the Animal Welfare Act are set forth under the Regulations and Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Cons of Animal Testing. Animal-testing is the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances, such as foods, beauty products, and/or drugs. (1) "A research facility shall notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in the name, address, or ownership, or other change in operations affecting its status as a research facility, within 10 days after making such change.". The concept of animal rights is based on the idea that some or all non-human animals have a right to live their own lives and to be viewed as persons rather than property. All of these factors are expected to be made public in order to display a credible and successful scientific experiment (Kilkenny et al. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. A practical approach to animal welfare law lays out the central. 2. The applicant is to acknowledge receipt of the regulations and standards and agree to comply with them by signing the application form or the license will not be issued or renewed. (Sect. (Sect.2.133 (e)). Pose problems with food consumption Animal meat provides a different source of protein, vitamins and minerals, something that opponents of animal rights claim that will not be found on any vegetable or fruit. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. The purpose of adopting these animals is to take benefit from them as a means of food or business. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. Even though the new trucks held fewer birds, innovations in design greatly reduced death losses, broken wings and bruises. So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. Ithighlights the amendments to the Act over time and shares a brief summary of how the law changed with eachamendment. Most welfare programs are not designed to be a long-term income solution. 3.87 (f)). (a) Every auction sale or broker shall make and maintain records or forms, as required by section 2.76, for each animal consigned or sold. "A licensee shall promptly notify the AC Regional Director by certified mail of any change in name, address, management, or substantial control or ownership of his business operation, or of any additional sites, within 10 days of any change." (Sect. 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. Humane animal farming is better for everyone. Cattle live healthier, happier and more active lives. Ethics; ANS 150 Animal Welfare/Rights. [ 120] The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. There are pros and cons for but the choices whether, to continue experiment on animals for new drugs before, Animal testing is defined as the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs (Dictionary.com). The original intent of the Animal Welfare Act was to regulate the use and care of animals in a laboratory setting on a federal level. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." 2.1et. However, this term excludes any study that involves an invasive procedure, harms, or materially alters the behavior of an animal under study. Legislation prohibiting cruelty against animals originated in the English Parliament in 1822, and variations of this type of legislation proliferated over the next century, particularly in countries formerly under English colonial rule. Animal experimentation is cruel but necessary for the survival of both human beings and animals. Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. Alternative testing methods. Section 3.112 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. Animals in research and teaching All diagnostic rests conducted on post mortem specimens shall be listed in the report, and the results of each test recorded. Should the activity not meet the definition of field study it is NOT exempt from this requirement. Visitors to zoos have the ability to get close to animals that might be dangerous or so rare that seeing them in their natural habitat might be impossible. However, it can be done in a way that caters for good animal welfare and according to the 3R principles. The quality of water and air were maintained with the existence of essential life forms. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.137 of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live animal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.137 of the standards, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot reasonably be expected to contain the live animal without causing suffering or injury to such live animal. It increases the maximum penalties for causing unnecessary suffering or holding animal fights to a 20,000 fine, a 12-month prison sentence or both. (Sect. Imagine an enraged animal rights activist charging toward a scientist in a white lab coat, desperate to free the little mice that are being used as test subjects. (e)(1) On or before the expiration date of the license (the license is good for one year), a licensee who wishes to renew the license shall submit a completed application form, the application fee of $10, and the appropriate annual fee to the AC Regional Director. The fact that there are diverse consumers with dissimilar perspectives on the meat industry makes animal welfare a complex international public policy controversy that also needs to take economical, scientific, cultural and ethical dimensions into consideration. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. This guide is used as an aid for APHIS personnel when inspecting USDA licensed and registered facilities. Inaccurate results. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. Instructions must be in compliance with section 3.89. With respect to a dog, the term means all dogs including those used for hunting, security, or breeding purposes (see section 1.1 for definition). Animal Welfare Act. (h) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. The person responsible for the animal commits an offence if they cause it " unnecessary physical or mental suffering " and failing to meet their "needs". Ultimately the solution to animal welfare must be based on a real sense of moral responsibility towards animals. Since there were initiatives to protect laboratory animals it took many years until there was a national law to protect laboratory animals in the U.S. However, as the United States population of mans best friend increases up to nearly 80 million, so does the different forms of abuse (Pets by). the future of animal welfare in the UK will be. Test. (Sect. (1) "The other person agrees in writing to comply with the regulations in part 2 and the standards in part 3 of this subchapter and allow inspection of his premises by an APHIS official during business hours; and" (Sect.2.102 (a)(1)). 3.36 (h)). Out of all of the acquired publications, only 59% of them proclaimed their studys goal, the amount of animals that they used, and important traits of their test subjects. Section 3.87 Primary enclosure used to transport nonhuman primates. Animal testing is a controversial subject, with supporters pointing out the medical advances that have stemmed from animal research and animal rights activists declaring it cruel and immoral. Assurances that animals are being raised according to these guidelines are provided through voluntary third-party audits rather than legislation. (b) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address and telephone number of the consignee. (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. As it turns out, when your herd suffers, your ROI suffers too. (f) All marine mammals must be visually examined by the attending veterinarian at least semiannually and physically examined when determined by the attending veterinarian and at least annually. 3.16 (b)). Extent of the Zoo Licensing Act 2.1 Section 1 makes clear that all zoos that are open to the public, with or without charge on seven or more days in a twelve-month period need a licence from their local authority to operate. These animals live among humans and are providing a lot more benefits to them in every way. 2.133 (b)). (a) "If any dealer or exhibitor obtains prior approval of the AC Regional Director, he may arrange to have another person hold animals for the required period provided for in paragraph (a) of section 2.101:Provided,That:" (Sect.2.102 (a)). They can be burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, forcibly restrained, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? The certification must include the information required in section 3.13 (c)(1)-(4). Owners and keepers have a duty of care to their animals and must make sure they meet their needs: (see definition in section 1.1). It empowers the Animal Care program of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to issue licenses and adopt and enforce regulations meant to protect the basic welfare of. (Sect.2.5 (b)). They were starved to death just weeks after the racing season was over (Kitzmiller). Section 3.13 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. Animal welfare By Dr. Rabie Hassan Fayed Prof. of Animal Management & Behaviour 2. introduction Science, Ethics and Law Welfare science considers effects of humans on the animal from the animal's point of view Welfare ethics considers human actions towards animals Welfare legislation considers how humans must treat animals 3. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." (Sect.2.78 (a)-(d)). 1. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). Preventing animals suffering This means enforcement agencies and our inspectors can now act by advising and educating owners before their pets suffer. Very much a product of the recommendations of the Scottish Law Commission, the statute directs courts to regard "the welfare of the child concerned as its paramount consideration".9 The original version of the Act said nothing further about welfare. 4. (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the dog or cat was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, List of 12 Key Pros and Cons of a Theocracy, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. It allows the confiscation of individual. The act provides the legal framework for dealing with unnecessary cruelty and is . 2.2). There is no difference there between a cat or a man. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. Section 2.5 Duration of license and termination of license. It enumerates the right for animals to be free from cruel and unnecessary experiments. katie_barnes69. 3.113 (f)). You can also view a static version of the timeline. Field studymeans a study conducted on free-living wild animals in their natural habitat. Most opponents believe that animals do not have the same rights as humans, which means they will never be equal. (3.106 (a)). Nonhuman primates must be confined in primary enclosures that meet the requirements of section 3.87 (a),(b),(c),(d) and (e). (e) "A dealer who completes, provides, or receives a certification required under paragraph (b) of this section shall keep, maintain, and make available for APHIS inspection a copy of the certification for at least 1 year following disposition." (h) Accompanying documents and records. 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