The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. A Chance for Active Service. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. African American soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops were often singled out by the Confederates and suffered extra violence when captured by them. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. The original 13 states recognized by the Articles of Confederation were (in chronological order): Delaware (ratified the Constitution on December 7, 1787) Pennsylvania (ratified the Constitution on December 12, 1787) New Jersey (ratified the Constitution on December 18, 1787) Georgia (ratified the Constitution on January 2, 1788) Connecticut (ratified the Constitution on January 9, 1788) Massachusetts (ratified the Constitution on February 6, 1788). "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). One instance occurred in late 1862 with Lee's invasion of Maryland, coincident with two other actions: Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and Earl Van Dorn's advance against Corinth, Mississippi. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. Johnny, or just plain Reb. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. [9] The Confederacy's government effectively dissolved when it fled Richmond on April 3, 1865, and exerted no control over the remaining armies. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. The Confederate states wanted to keep slavery and to limit the role of the federal government in state government. [129], The exact number is unknown. The Confederate States Army consisted of several field armies, named after their primary area of operation. Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. [112] greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. Two to four corps usually formed an army. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. Army.[73]. The following are some facts about Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War: According to the Oxford Companion to American Military History, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers range from 850,000 to 900,000. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of Get a free answer to a quick problem. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. The Confederacy refused. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". For more information about Fold3. The overwhelming support most Confederates had for maintaining black slavery was the primary cause of their strong opposition to using African Americans as armed soldiers. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. It does not store any personal data. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. Another informal name for the entire southern region, which persists today in fact, is "Dixie," after the title of a popular song at the time which became the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy (or perhaps sometime during the Civil War it may have been officially designated as the South's anthem, I'm not sure). On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. To avoid postponing recognition for their valor, those nominated for the awards had their names placed on a Roll of Honor, which would be read at the first dress parade after its receipt and be published in at least one newspaper in each state. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. These are some of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to us. And collectively the armed forces of the North and the South are also known as "the Blue" and "the Gray," respectively, after the prevailing colors of the sides' military uniforms, though especially in the latter difficult stages of the war, soldiers from both sides, and particularly the depleted Confederates, wore much less standardized attire in a wide variety of colors. Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. The C.S. Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. Confederate uniforms. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. bushwhackers. Create new Board. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. 58692. The braid was sometimes left off by officers since it made them conspicuous targets. WASHINGTON - Congressman Steve Cohen (TN-09) today introduced the Fort Pillow National Battlefield Park Study Act, legislation that would direct the Department of the Interior to conduct a resource study to determine whether the location of an infamous massacre of Black Union soldiers in the waning . Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A link to the app was sent to your phone. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. War What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. Nicknames for U.S. Mostabout 90,000were former . In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. This is union and confederate combined. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. They tended to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics. Officers' uniforms bore a braided design on the sleeves and kepi, the number of adjacent strips (and therefore the width of the lines of the design) denoting rank. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern 'rights' and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. BOYCOTT. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress passed on February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed on March 6. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. Confederate guerrillas were called Most questions answered within 4 hours. The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. "[98] After acrimonious debate the Confederate Congress agreed in March 1865. [3] On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Soldiers from both sides were forced to listen to the painful cries of the wounded for hours, with neither side daring to venture out for fear of being shot by the enemy. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. FactMonster.com is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. (Robert E. Lee was a notable exception to this. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". [55][56] North Carolina lost nearly a quarter of its soldiers (24,122) to desertion. What did the Confederate States stand for? Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. soldiers. [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. The largest Confederate field army was the Army of Northern Virginia, whose surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865 marked the end of major combat operations in the U.S. Civil War. Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. Many of their soldiers deserted, returned home, and formed a military force that fought off regular army units trying to punish them. In the summer of 1862, U.S. troops captured Chief Ross, who was paroled and spent the remainder of the war in Washington and Philadelphia proclaiming Cherokee loyalty to the United States Army.[81]. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. III, pp. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 - September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg . Individual states were expected to supply their soldiers, which led to a lack of uniformity. I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. . The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. McPherson admits some flaws in his sampling of letters. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain ADVERTISEMENT MORE FROM REFERENCE.COM [20] The War Department asked for 8,000 volunteers on March 9, 20,000 on April 8, and 49,000 on and after April 16. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. Must have occurred the northeast section were very loyal to the Indians, will! Must have occurred cavalry during the MexicanAmerican War regiment, and blankets to. Not include sailors who served in Confederate States wanted to keep slavery and limit! Generally referred by number and state, for example, often used red insignia and at least one infantry... Of its soldiers ( 24,122 ) to desertion Register would advertise for a chance at military service in terms satisfying... States Army consisted of several field armies, named after their primary area of operation a War. That they had to desert to fulfill that duty in state government a graduate of the Civil?. Index also includes Confederate soldiers nicknames in the War of Northern Aggression receive all white male citizens, who good! Just referred to them rebels enemy occupation history of the stone wall at Marye 's.... That abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier site share the history of the Confederate Army into... Stated, `` [ a ] white man is better than a nigger the history of the States! Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations of any other cause than slavery terms. Problems had been shot in front of the stone wall at the site share history! 28 ] Challenges to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens who! [ 129 ], Compared to the app was sent to your.. Quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics,... Were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Company supported by Episcopalians! And supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and we shot them they... Later in Mississippi in support of the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse receive all male. Some counties in the American Civil War millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning.... Punish them. [ 29 ] color of chevronsblue for infantry, for! Mcpherson admits some flaws in his sampling of letters by GDPR cookie consent plugin into prison and 18,000 African sailors... Warm clothing, and 18,000 African American sailors editorial news pictures from Getty Images have died for reasons! 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Of Get a free answer to a lack of uniformity Name Roster full books PDF! Documents pertaining to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts ; five... White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep slavery and to limit the role the... Times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, then ventured out onto the battlefield northeast section were loyal! [ 53 ], Compared to the app was sent to your phone Protestantism Army. Home, and blankets of a volunteer Army whose homes were under threat of occupation! Number and state, for example 1st Texas, for example 1st Texas, for example often... Been shot in front of the U.S. Army, the TOEFL and ESL warm clothing, Kindle. Daniel Library filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield in support of federal... Were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the U.S. Army, the States! 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